Indian languages Indian tribes What's new on our site today!

Bari Pronunciation and Spelling Guide

The following charts show the pronunciation for the Bari orthography we have used on our site, as well as some alternate spellings that you may find in other books and websites.

˜Vowels

Character We Use:	Sometimes Also Used:	IPA symbol:	How To Pronounce It:
a		a	Like the a in father.
e		e	Like the e sound in Spanish, similar to the a in gate.
i		i	Like the i in police.
o		o	Like the o in note.
u		u	Like the u in flute.
y	i, ü, ï	i ~ ə	This sound does not exist in English. It sounds like the i in police only pronounced further back in the mouth. Examples of such sounds in Eurasian languages include the "dark i" of Russian or the undotted ı of Turkish. Sometimes this vowel is pronounced more like the a in about.

˜Nasal Vowels

Nasal vowels don't exist in English, but you may be familiar with them from French (or from hearing people speak English with a French accent.) They are pronounced just like oral ("regular") vowels, only using your nose as well as your mouth. To English speakers, a nasal vowel often sounds like a vowel with a half-pronounced "n" at the end of it. You can hear examples of nasal vowels at the end of the French words "bon" and "Jean," or in the middle of the word "Français."

Character We Use:	Sometimes Also Used:	IPA symbol:
ã	añ	ã
ẽ	eñ	ẽ
ĩ	iñ	ĩ
õ	oñ	õ
ũ	uñ	ũ
ỹ	ĩ, yñ	ĩ

˜Consonants

Character We Use:	Sometimes Also Used:	IPA symbol:	How To Pronounce It:
b		b	Like b in boy.
ch	č	t	Like ch in chair.
d		d	Like the d in day.
h	h	h	Like h in hay.
j		d	Like j in jar.
k	c, qu	k	Like the k in kiss.
m		m	Like m in moon.
n		n	Like n in night.
ñ	nh	ñ	Like ny in canyon.
r			Like the r in Spanish pero, somewhat like the tt in American English butter.
rr	r	r	Like the rolling rr in Spanish perro.
s		s	Like s in sun.
t		t	Like the t in tell.
x	sh, š		Like sh in shell.
y		j	Like y in yes.

˜Tones

Bari is a tone language. Some syllables are pronounced with higher pitch than others. In English, the last syllable of a question is pronounced with high pitch, so you can hear the difference between sentences like "You see a man." and "You see a man?" In Bari, such high and low tones are used in nearly every word, giving the language a lively sound.

There are two tones in Bari, high tone and low tone. Tones are not normally marked in written Bari, and the source we have used for our vocabulary does not indicate tone. However, some writers, especially linguists, mark high tones in Bari with an acute accent, like this:

a	low tone
á	high tone

Back to Indian Culture
Back to American Indian Words
Back to South American Languages

Indian costumes Nanticoke Ojibwe clans Native American flutes Tribal tattoos

Would you like to help support our organization's work with endangered American Indian languages?