Indian languages
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| Character We Use: |
Sometimes Also Used: |
IPA symbol: | How To Pronounce It: |
| a | a | Like the a in father. | |
| a∙ | a, aa, a: | a![]() |
Like the a in father, only held longer. |
| e | e | Like Spanish e, somewhat like the a in Kate. | |
| e∙ | e, ee, e: | e![]() |
Like the a in Kate, only held longer. |
| i | i | Like the i in police. | |
| i∙ | i, ii, i: | i![]() |
Like the i in police, only held longer. |
| o | o | Like the o in note. | |
| o∙ | o, oo, o: | o![]() |
Like the o in note, only held longer. |
| u | u | Like the u in flute. | |
| u∙ | u, uu, u: | u![]() |
Like the u in flute, only held longer. |
| Character We Use: |
Sometimes Also Used: |
IPA symbol: |
| an | ã | |
| en | ![]() |
|
| in | ĩ | |
| on | õ | |
| un | ũ |
| Character We Use: |
Sometimes Also Used: |
IPA symbol: | How To Pronounce It: |
| c | sh, s, š | ![]() |
Like sh in shy. |
| h | h | Like h in hay. | |
| k | g | k | Like the soft k in sky. |
| kw | gw | kw~kw | Like the qu in square. |
| l | l | Like l in light. | |
| ł | L, 'l | ł | This sound is a lateral fricative that doesn't really exist in English. It sounds like the "ll" in the Welsh name "Llewellyn." Some English speakers can pronounce it well if they try to pronounce the "breathy l" in the word clue without the c in front of it. |
| m | m | Like m in moon. | |
| n | n | Like n in night. | |
| p | b | p | Like the soft p in spy. |
| t | d | t | Like the soft t in star. | tc | ts, ch, dz, c |  ts~t![]() |
Like ts in cats or tch in catch. |
| w | w | Like w in way. | |
| x | h | x | Like the raspy j in Spanish jalapeño. |
| y | j | Like y in yes. | |
| ’ | ![]() |
A pause sound, like the one in the middle of the word "uh-oh." |

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