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Tuscarora Pronunciation and Spelling Guide

The following charts show the pronunciation for the Tuscarora spellings we have used on our site, as well as some alternate spellings that you may find in other books and websites.

˜Vowels

Character We Use:	Sometimes Also Used:	IPA symbol:	How To Pronounce It:
a	u	a ~	Like the a in father or the au in caught.
a:	a·, aa	a	Like the a in father, only held longer.
e	eh	ε ~ æ	Like the e in set or the a in sat.
e:	e·, eh	ε	Like the e in get, only held longer.
i	ee	i ~ I	Like the i in police or i in pit.
i:	i·, ee	i	Like the i in police, only held longer.
u	oo	u ~ o	Like the u in flute or the o in note.
u:	o:, o·, oo	u	Like the u in flute, only held longer.

˜Nasal Vowels

Nasal vowels don't really exist in English, but you may be familiar with them from French (or from hearing people speak English with a French accent.) They are pronounced just like oral ("regular") vowels, only using your nose as well as your mouth. To English speakers, a nasal vowel often sounds like a vowel with a half-pronounced "n" at the end of it. You can hear examples of nasal vowels at the end of the French words "bon" and "Jean," or in the middle of the word "Français."

Character We Use:	Sometimes Also Used:	IPA symbol:
ę	e, enh	~
ę:	e:, ęę, eenh	~

˜Consonants

Character We Use:	Sometimes Also Used:	IPA symbol:	How To Pronounce It:
d	t	d	Like d in day.
f		f	Like f in fair. Only pronounced in the Tuscarora Nation dialect.
g	k	g	Like g in good.
h		h	Like h in English hay.
ch		t ~ d	Like ch in char or j in jar.
k	g	k ~ k^h	Like the soft k in ski or the hard k in key.
n		n	Like n in night.
r		r	Like r in English red.
s	sh, c	s ~	Like s in sell. Before y it is pronounced more like the sh in shell.
t	d	t ~ t^h	Like the soft t in sty or the hard t in tie.
th	θ	θ	Like the th in think. Only pronounced in the Tuscarora Nation dialect.
w		w	Like w in way.
y		j	Like y in yes.
’	, ?		A pause sound, like the one in the middle of the word "uh-oh."

Note that in this spelling system, sh is always pronounced like the sh in "mishap," never the sh in "shell."

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