Hopi Pronunciation and Spelling Guide

˜Vowels

Character We Use:	Sometimes Also Used:	IPA symbol:	How To Pronounce It:
a		a	Like the a in father.
aa	a·	a	Like a only held longer.
e		ε	Like the e in bet.
ee	e·	ε	Like e only held longer.
i		i	Like the i in police.
ii	i·	i	Like i only held longer.
o		o	Like the o in note.
oo	o·	o	Like o only held longer.
ö		œ	This vowel sound does not exist in English. It sounds like German ö or French eu. If you've ever tried to pronounce the German name "Goerthe," this is the same vowel sound as that. The closest English equivalent is the u in purple.
öö	ö·	œ	Like ö only held longer.
u		~ i	Like the u in flute, ony unrounded. Sometimes it sounds more like the u in put.
uu	u·	~ i	Like u only held longer.

˜Diphthongs

Character We Use:	Sometimes Also Used:	IPA symbol:	How To Pronounce It:
aw	au	aw	Like ow in English cow.
ay	ai	aj	Like English eye.
ew	eu	εw ~ ew	This sound doesn't really exist in English. If you mimic an exaggerated stereotype of a "Southern belle" saying "how," you will be close to it. Some Hopi speakers pronounce it more like the "AO" in "AOL."
ey		ej	Like the ay in hay.
iw		iw	Like a child saying ew!
iy		ij	Like ee in see.
ow		ow	Like the ow in show.
oy		oj	Like the oy in boy.
öw		œw	No English equivalent. Like Hopi ö with a w-glide at the end.
öy		œj	No English equivalent. Like Hopi ö with a y-glide at the end.
uw		uw	Like the oo in too.
uy		j	No English equivalent. Like Hopi u with a y-glide at the end.

˜Consonants

Character We Use:	Sometimes Also Used:	IPA symbol:	How To Pronounce It:
h		h	Like h in hay.
k		k	Like the soft k in sky.
kw	qu	kw ~ kw	Like qu in English square.
l		l	Like l in light.
m		m	Like m in moon.
n		n	Like n in night.
ng		ŋ	Like ng in sing.
ngw		ŋw ~ ŋw	No English equivalent. Like ng and w pronounced together.
ngy		ŋj	No English equivalent. Like gn in French Avignon.
p		p	Like the soft p in spy.
q		q	Like k, only pronounced further back on the palate..
qw		qw ~ qw	Like qu, only pronounced further back on the palate.
r			No English equivalent. Like the rz sound in Polish. To English speakers, it sounds like a cross between the ge in garage and the "swallowed r" common to English speakers from India.
s		s	Like s in see.
t		t	Like the soft t in star.
ts	ch	ts	Like ts in cats.
v	b	β ~ Φ	Bilabial v as in Spanish navidad. At the end of a word or before some consonants, it is pronounced voicelessly, so that it sounds like an f sound made between both lips.
w		w	Like w in way.
y		j	Like y in yes.
’			A pause sound, like the one in the middle of the word "uh-oh."

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