Indian languages
American Indian tribes
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| Character We Use: |
Sometimes Also Used: |
IPA symbol: | How To Pronounce It: |
| a | a ~ ə | Like the a in father. Sometimes it is pronounced more like the a in about. | |
| aa | a![]() |
Like a only held longer. | |
| e | e ~ ε | Like the e sound in Spanish, similar to the a in gate. Sometimes it is pronounced more like the e in get. | |
| ee | e![]() |
Like e only held longer. | |
| i | i | Like the i in police. | |
| ii | i![]() |
Like i only held longer. | |
| o | o ~ ![]() |
Like the o in note. Sometimes it is pronounced more like the aw in hawk. | |
| oo | o![]() |
Like o only held longer. | |
| u | u | Like the u in flute. | |
| uu | u![]() |
Like u only held longer. |
| Character We Use: |
Sometimes Also Used: |
IPA symbol: |
| ã | a | ã |
| ãã | a | ã![]() |
| ẽ | e | ẽ |
| ẽẽ | e | ẽ![]() |
| ĩ | i | ĩ |
| ĩĩ | i | ĩ![]() |
| õ | o | õ |
| õõ | o | õ![]() |
| ũ | u | ũ |
| ũũ | u | ũ![]() |
| Character We Use: |
Sometimes Also Used: |
IPA symbol: | How To Pronounce It: |
| b | b | Like b in boy. | |
| ch | č |  t![]() |
Like ch in chair. |
| h | j | h | Like h in hay. |
| k | c, qu | k | Like the k in kiss. |
| kw | qu | kw | Similar to the qu in queen. |
| l | l | Like l in light. | |
| m | m | Like m in moon. | |
| n | n | Like n in night. | |
| ñ | ñ | Like ny in canyon. | |
| p | p | Like p in pin. | |
| r | ![]() |
Like the r in Spanish pero, somewhat like the tt in American English butter. | |
| rr | r | r | Like the rolling rr in Spanish perro. |
| s | s | Like s in sun. | |
| sh | x | ![]() |
Like sh in shell. |
| t | t | Like the t in tell. | |
| w | hu | w | Like w in way. |
| y | j | Like y in yes. | |
| ’ | h, ? | ![]() |
A pause sound, like the one in the middle of the word "uh-oh." |
| a | low tone |
| á | high tone |

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